Causes of voltage fluctuations in homes
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Causes of voltage fluctuations in homes
There are a sufficient number of objective and subjective reasons of a natural, urgent and man-made nature for the appearance of voltage fluctuations in electrical networks. Below we will try to list the main ones.
The 1st reason for the appearance of "Voltage surge" in homes is the simultaneous switching on or off of powerful household appliances
The reason for the emergence of a fluctuation in current parameters lies in our home. Today the modern home is filled with very powerful electrical appliances. This is very dangerous in homes with old wiring. But even in new houses it often happens that the load cannot be calculated for the use of very powerful devices due to the connection of the entire new house to the "old electrical networks". In practice, the following often happens. Several powerful electrical appliances are turned on in the house, which leads to a decrease in the current parameters in the network. When a powerful device or several powerful electrical devices are suddenly turned off, a sharp jump occurs.
The 2nd reason for the appearance of "Voltage surge" in homes is the imbalance in the operation of the substation.
Most of the substations that provide power to distribution and transmission networks were built long ago. The equipment installed in these substations has significant wear and tear today. Additionally, many substations are overloaded due to increased electricity consumption. As a result, equipment failures occur in substations, resulting in surges.
The 3rd reason for the emergence of "voltage fluctuations" in homes is accidents in electrical transmission networks
Hundreds of thousands of kilometers of power lines cover all cities of our country. This means there is a possibility of outages and short circuits in transmission lines. Such accidents can cause large fluctuations in electrical voltage.
The 4th reason for "voltage fluctuation" in homes is "Neutral Break"
This is perhaps the most common and dangerous type of accident and causes a huge overvoltage. Many people are harmed every year due to neutral breakage. In case of "Neutral Break", a voltage may appear at the "neutral" contact in all sockets in the house. This will cause any electrical appliances plugged into the outlet to burn out. In this case, even devices that are "turned off" with the help of the remote control are lit. The reason is the weakening of the "neutral" contact in the general switchboard of the house. In this case, if the contact is not stable, then it appears, then disappears, then very strong voltage distortions occur.
The 5th reason for the appearance of "Voltage fluctuations" in homes is the weakening of grounding
Grounding electrical devices plays an important role in ensuring the safe use of devices. In case of a breakdown in the insulation of electrical devices, voltage is usually transmitted to the body of the device. In this case, the "ground" acts as a drain for this emergency current. In case of deterioration in the quality of grounding, the probability of fluctuations in the current parameters increases significantly.
The 6th reason for the appearance of "Voltage surge" in homes is significant overload of the network
Electrical equipment installed in electrical substations is designed for a certain maximum power value of the connected load. There is currently a huge increase in electricity consumption in our homes. The first reason here is the construction of new large buildings in place of old small houses. In a big house, you get 100 flats at a time instead of 10 flats. The second reason is the increasing number of powerful electrical devices used. View on the facade of a modern apartment building with 200 split systems. And this is an additional 400 kW of power. It also operates 100 microwave ovens, plus 100 electric heaters, plus 100 washing machines, plus 100 electric kettles, a very large total power of the house.
The 7th reason for the appearance of "Voltage fluctuation" in homes is poor-quality electrical installation
If something in the electrical circuit does not work, you need to look for a bad contact. This is the first rule for electricians. Poor contact at the socket or electrical outlet can be caused by poor installation of these devices or the use of cheap alloys for the contact plates of these devices. Poor contact will cause arcing. And the resulting arc is the epicenter of electrical surges and powerful harmonics. It would be nice to have no outlets at all to avoid power surges, but that doesn't happen. This means that every time a powerful electrical appliance is turned on or off, there is a new power surge in the network.
The 8th reason for the appearance of "Voltage surge" in homes is the inclusion of industrial equipment in an adjacent power transmission network.
Large and systematic power fluctuations are observed near large industrial facilities. The inclusion of a powerful electric motor creates large inrush currents. These currents can "return" to the electrical grid in the form of a large reactive load. And although it is necessary to install special starters and additional surge protectors on such equipment, the occurrence of power surges cannot be avoided.
The 9th reason for the appearance of "voltage fluctuation" in homes is the "flicker effect"
Voltage fluctuations can be systematic. A possible cause of such fluctuations may be improper operation of control equipment in electrical appliances. Regulators of electrical devices must turn the device or part of it on and off to control certain parameters. To give the simplest example, it is the temperature thermostat of a heater or electric iron. Once the desired element temperature is reached, the device should shut down. It often happens that the thermostat works too often, which leads to wear of the contacts of the switching device. Worn contacts begin to produce current surges. In this case, you can see periodic jumps in the voltage graph.
The 10th reason for the emergence of "voltage fluctuations" in homes is lightning strikes on transmission lines
The most striking and powerful cause of huge overvoltages and surges is lightning striking power lines. Modern power transmission systems are protected against lightning, but it is not possible to completely prevent the occurrence of large surges in the network. Powerful lightning discharges create a large surge voltage that propagates along the transmission line and can reach the end user. And although the pulse of a lightning strike lasts a hundredth or thousandth of a second, this insane energy of thousands of volts is enough to cause major damage to electrical equipment.
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